Jawi Temple : History of The Temple
Jawi Temple was built by Kertanagara it is concluded this temple was built during the last period of Singasari, the 13th Century Jawi Temple is located in Candi wates, village, Prigen district, Malang Regency , Negarakertagama named it “ Jajawa “ ( 55 : 3 ) or “ Jawa-Jawa “. It is built on high and flat land, measuring 14,24 x 9,55 metres, 24,50 metres height, the gate is in the east. Seeing the remain, besides the main temple there were another building around the temple. The restoration have been done since 1938 to 1941, but left the roof undone.
THE ARCHITECTURE
Jawi Temple has the shape of slightly and high. The roof of the temple is decorated thincarved reliefs illustrate an unknow story, some reliefs are in bad condition. The succession of the story is similar to “ Pradaksina “ story. Side Body of the temple, niches are decorated Kala’s head as the entrance. In the middle part of the body there there is a square flat freme.
The roof consists of three stories, its peak have the shape of “ Dagoba “. Most of the roof’s stone are white stones whilst the food made of andesite stone.
Those two kind of stones have a difference of age conforming Negarakertagama V.57:4 mentioned Jawi Temple was Stricken by lightning in 1253 c. The roof is quiet possible collapsed by this incident, it thereupon was fixed in the next year.
This assumption become obvious on the finding of 1938 C.i.e. an inscribed stone of 1254 C.
The year might signed the rebuilding of Jawi Temple was resemble to the painting on one of its reliefs depicting a building with “ tumpang “ style on a part of roof. Dr. N.J. Krom estimated Jawi Temple is a stories temple, on the contrary Poerbatjaraka mentioned Jawi Temple is not a stories temple.
THE RELIGIOUS AND THE STATUES
Negarakertagama V.56:2 mentioned the content of the cella is the main statue in this temple, Ciwa, and more explanation aboat an Aksobya on the crowns.
During the research apparently the statues fuond have the Ciwa characteristics. Those statues are : Nandiowara, Durga, Brahma, Ganeca, Nandi, and a fragment of Ardhanari. And there is no one Aksobya among them.
In this case, Prapanca Stated Aksobya have been lost in 1235 C.
There are two Aksobya’s statues but not found here, are Mahaksobya which is famous as Joko Dolok (kept in Surabaya) and a smaller Aksobya found in Malang.
The religion of Jawi Temple is explained by Prapanca has the dual religion :
Siwa for the bellow whilst the section is Buddha : cihneng candi risor kecaiwan apucak kaboddan I ruhur ( Nag. 456:2:1).
The dual religion between Hindu and Buddha was conspicuous in East Java, especially during Kertanagara was governs. So that after he passed away Kertanegara then famuos as bhatara sang lumah ri Ciwaddha (Gajah Mada inscription, 1351 AD) or sang lina ring ciwa buddhalaya
(Gunung Butak inscription). Pararatan named him Cri Ciwabuddha and bhatara Ciwabuddha.
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
Jawi Temple was built by Kertanagara (Nag.56:1). It is concluded this temple was built during the last period of Singasari, the 13 th Century.
In the matter of function and relation to the archaeologists. Some archaeologists contend Jawi Temple is the funeral temple for Kertanegara according to Negarakertagama which mentioned the King built the temple where was he consecrated.
But some others archaeologists stated Jawi Temple is not for Kertanegara’s tomb by reason that Jawi Temple was built during Kertanegara still alive. Moreover, Sthapaka did not explained Jawi Temple belong to a group of Singasari Temple which is clear for Kertanegara .
If we see, the relief described a man who will do Pradaksina, a ceremony relating to the worshipping of god (Dewayajna), it can be concluded such temple is a worshipping temple.
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